Notes

1. Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998), 24, 29. 

2. Ibid., 82. 

3. Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell. Propaganda & Persuasion, 7th ed. (Sage Publications, 2019), 107. 

4. "Puck magazine," TR Center, accessed February, 2022, https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Learn-About-TR/TR-Encyclopedia/Reading-and-Writing/Puck-Magazine.aspx.

5. Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell. Propaganda & Persuasion, 7th ed. (Sage Publications, 2019), 216. 

6. Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998), 1998, 68. 

7. Ibid., 44. 

8. Ibid., 78-79. 

9.Ibid., 94. 

10. Ibid., 66. 

11. Ibid., 77. 

12. Ibid., 71. 

13. Ibid., 91, 90. 

14. Ibid., 84. 

15. Alan R. Millet, Peter Maslowski and William B. Feis. For the Common Defense: A Military Hstory of the United States from 1607 to 2012, 3rd ed. (New York: Free Press, 2012), 254. 

16. Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998), 91. 

17. Alan R. Millet, Peter Maslowski and William B. Feis. For the Common Defense: A Military Hstory of the United States from 1607 to 2012, 3rd ed. (New York: Free Press, 2012), 159. 

18. Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998), 57. 

19. Ibid., 107. 

20. Alan R. Millet, Peter Maslowski and William B. Feis. For the Common Defense: A Military Hstory of the United States from 1607 to 2012, 3rd ed. (New York: Free Press, 2012), 264. 

21. Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998), 129-130. 

22. Ibid., 131. 

23. Ibid., 156. 

24. Ibid., 156-157. 

25. Ibid., 158,16. 

26. Ibid., 181. 

27. Alan R. Millet, Peter Maslowski and William B. Feis. For the Common Defense: A Military Hstory of the United States from 1607 to 2012, 3rd ed. (New York: Free Press, 2012), 275, 280. 

28. Ibid., 280.