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                  <text>The Spanish-American/Philippine War</text>
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                <text>Yellow Journalism </text>
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                <text>[ID: Cover of Pulitzer's World with headline that reads, "Maine explosion caused by bomb or torpedo?" /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American media&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("Maine" "bomb" "torpedo"), image (explosion, ship)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Achieve a Response: negative perception and sentiment towards perpetrators&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example of Yellow Journalism in the cover of the Pulitzer’s World&lt;/em&gt;, History.state.gov. Accessed January 2022. &lt;a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/yellow-journalism"&gt;https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/yellow-journalism&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter </text>
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                <text>[ID: A woman with a red polka dot headband and makeup rolls up a sleeve to flex her arm. /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;br /&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American government, media, and industries&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive, behavioral&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("we"), image (woman)&lt;br /&gt;Achieve a Response: positive perception and sentiment towards working women that leads to positive behavior for industries in the United States</text>
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                <text>War Production Co-Ordinating Committee, United States Creator. &lt;em&gt;We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter.&lt;/em&gt; United States of America, 1942. Photograph. &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669753/"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669753/&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>[ID: Two war workers riveting, in front of U.S. flag with the text "United We Win" below. /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;br /&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American government and media&lt;br /&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive, behavioral&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("united" "win"), image (men, tools)&lt;br /&gt;Achieve a Response: positive perception and sentiment that leads to unity</text>
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                <text>Liberman, Howard, Photographer.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;United We&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Win&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943. O.W.I. photo by Liberman. Accessed February 2022. &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/93506602/"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/93506602/&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Sindelar, F., Artist. &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Uncle Sam needs that extra shovelful / F. Sindelar&lt;/em&gt;. Brooklyn, 1917. N.Y.: Published by Latham Litho. &amp;amp; Ptg. Co. &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002722569/"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002722569/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>[ID: Poster showing Uncle Sam taking hold of a man's arm as the man shovels coal into a furnace&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Text: United States Fuel Administration. Help Uncle Sam to win the war by following these directions: 1. Fire small amounts of coal often. 2. Keep fuel bed even by putting coal on thin spots. Avoid raking and slicing. 3. Keep fuel bed about six inches thick. 4. Look out for air leaks in brickwork. 5. Increase or decrease steam pressure by opening or closing draft damper in uptake. 6. Clean fires well when the demand for steam is small, and while cleaning have the draft damper partly closed. /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American government and media&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive, behavioral&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("help" "Uncle Same" "win"), image (Uncle Sam, laborer)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Achieve a Response: positive perception and sentiment towards altering behavior&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Truman asks 400 Million to Aid Greece and Turkey </text>
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                <text>[ID: The front page of the Detroit News has a banner headline announcing: "Red calls envoys home: Truman asks 400 million to aid Greece and Turkey" with subhead and complete text of Truman's message inside. /end ID]</text>
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                <text>"Harry Truman Doctrine in 1947." Timothy Hughes Rare &amp;amp; Early Newspapers. Photograph. Accessed February 2022. &lt;a href="https://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/627572?imagelist=1"&gt;https://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/627572?imagelist=1&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>[ID: Poster of a man in handcuffs with head covered by a sack in front of a brick wall. Across the poster reads, "This is Nazi Brutality: Radio Berlin – it is officially announced – al men of lidice – Czechoslovakia – have been shot: the women deported to a concentration camp: the children sent to appropriate centers – the name of the village was immediately abolished 6/11/45115p" /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;br /&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American government and media&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive, behavioral&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("Nazi brutality" "shot" "deported" "women" "children" "abolished"), image (prisoner)&lt;br /&gt;Achieve a Response: negative perception and sentiment towards Nazi Germany</text>
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                <text>Shahn, Ben.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;This is Nazi Brutality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Poster. United States: 1942. &lt;span&gt;United States Office of War Information. &lt;a href="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/194744/this-is-nazi-brutality"&gt;https://www.artic.edu/artworks/194744/this-is-nazi-brutality&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>[ID: Cartoon titled Triumph of the American battle-ship" "shows a gleeful Uncle Sam sitting with John Bull, who is a sailor representing England, and six figures representing "Spain", "Italy" (Umberto I), "Austria" (Franz Joseph I), "France", Germany (William II), and "Russia" (Nicholas II), watching a fireworks display that shows the outline of a huge American battleship that illuminates the ruins of the "Spanish Fleet", and in the clouds of smoke shows portraits of "Schley, Sampson, Hobson, [and] Dewey." /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American government and media&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Shaping Perceptions: image (ships, fireworks, Uncle Sam, countries)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Achieve a Response: positive perception and sentiment towards the United States and its military&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Keppler, Udo J., Artist. &lt;em&gt;Celebrating July 4th,- "the triumph of the American battle-ship" / Keppler&lt;/em&gt;. Europe, 1898. N.Y.: Published by Keppler &amp;amp; Schwarzmann, July 6. Photograph. Accessed February 2022, &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2012647579/"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/item/2012647579/&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>[ID: Comic titled "The Red Iceberg" with Uncle Sam on a ship labeled "USA" about to run into a red iceberg with multiple tombstones with "Poland," "Hungary," "North Korean," Czechoslovakia," "East Germany," and "China" on them. /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;br /&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and organized campaign by Catholic Schools&lt;br /&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("beware," "Red"), image (hammer and sickle, red, Titanic imagery, Uncle Sam, "dead" countries)&lt;br /&gt;Achieve a Response: anti-Communist perception and sentiment</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;An Anti-Communist Comic Book Warns of "The Red Iceberg."&lt;/em&gt; Unknown,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;SHEC: Resources for Teachers.&lt;span&gt; Accessed February 2022. &lt;a href="https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/661"&gt;https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/661&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>[ID: A political cartoon published in Puck depicts the US as a male hero saving a a grateful female Cuba from the villainous Spain figure. /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American media&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("Spain" "US" "Cuba"), image (woman, criminal, hero)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Achieve a Response: negative perception and sentiment towards Spain and positive perception and sentiment towards the United States&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>C.J. Taylor. &lt;em&gt;“A Cartoonist Depicts "The Cuban Melodrama"."&lt;/em&gt; SHEC: Resources for Teachers. Accessed January 2022, &lt;a href="https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/630"&gt;https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/630&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>American propaganda in the Spanish-American War</text>
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                <text>[ID: Print shows a female figure labeled "Cuba" holding the Cuban flag, caught in a frying pan labeled "Spanish Misrule" that is being held above flames labeled "Anarchy" raging between fighting factions labeled "Insurgents" on the left and "Autonomists" on the right, on the island of Cuba. /end ID]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Deliberate: premeditated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Systemic: part of a methodical and regular campaign by the American media&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Attempt: perceptual, cognitive&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Shaping Perceptions: language ("Cuba" "Spanish" "Misrule"), image (woman, fire, frying pan, Cuban flag)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Achieve a Response: negative perception and sentiment towards Spain and positive perception and sentiment towards Cuba&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dalrymple, Louis, Artist.&lt;em&gt; The duty of the hour; - to save her not only from Spain, but from a worse fate / Dalrymple.&lt;/em&gt; Cuba, 1898. N.Y.: Published by Keppler &amp;amp; Schwarzmann. Photograph. Accessed January 2022. &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2012647563/"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/item/2012647563/&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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